{"id":542,"date":"2025-08-23T14:44:11","date_gmt":"2025-08-23T07:44:11","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/solio.online\/blog\/?p=542"},"modified":"2025-08-23T14:44:13","modified_gmt":"2025-08-23T07:44:13","slug":"hat-photon-co-khoi-luong-nghi-la-0-thi-van-toc-phai-la-vo-cung-chu-sao-lai-la-c-ai-da-tao-ra-c","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/solio.online\/blog\/hat-photon-co-khoi-luong-nghi-la-0-thi-van-toc-phai-la-vo-cung-chu-sao-lai-la-c-ai-da-tao-ra-c\/","title":{"rendered":"H\u1ea1t photon c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0 0 th\u00ec v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9 sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c? Ai \u0111\u00e3 \u201ct\u1ea1o ra\u201d c?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>1. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 0 c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 g\u00ec?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ea1i, \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i h\u1eb9p c\u1ee7a Einstein, h\u1ea1t v\u1eadt ch\u1ea5t c\u00f3 hai kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m quan tr\u1ecdng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 m_0: gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng khi h\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng: \u0111\u1eb7c tr\u01b0ng cho tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Photon l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t: kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 m_0 = 0, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn mang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Einstein cho m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E^2 = (pc)^2 + (m_0 c^2)^2<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u2192 V\u1edbi photon, m_0 = 0, ta c\u00f2n:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">E = pc<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y cho th\u1ea5y photon c\u00f3 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng E v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng p, nh\u01b0ng kh\u00f4ng bao gi\u1edd c\u00f3 tr\u1ea1ng th\u00e1i \u201c\u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean\u201d. N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c: photon kh\u00f4ng t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>2. T\u1ea1i sao v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c photon kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n m\u00e0 l\u00e0 \u0111\u00fang b\u1eb1ng c?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Tho\u1ea1t nh\u00ecn, nhi\u1ec1u ng\u01b0\u1eddi ngh\u0129: \u201cN\u1ebfu h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, th\u00ec kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 qu\u00e1n t\u00ednh \u2192 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n\u201d. Nh\u01b0ng \u0111\u00e2y l\u00e0 hi\u1ec3u sai theo c\u01a1 h\u1ecdc c\u1ed5 \u0111i\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Thuy\u1ebft t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u0111\u1ed1i \u0111\u00e3 ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u1eb1ng:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>M\u1ecdi h\u1ea1t kh\u00f4ng kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i khi di chuy\u1ec3n \u1edf \u0111\u00fang m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c duy nh\u1ea5t: c \u2013 t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng trong ch\u00e2n kh\u00f4ng.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ebfu photon ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n c \u2192 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng tr\u00ecnh n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng\u2013\u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng m\u1ea5t nghi\u1ec7m.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>N\u1ebfu photon nhanh h\u01a1n c \u2192 vi ph\u1ea1m nguy\u00ean l\u00fd nh\u00e2n qu\u1ea3 (k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 x\u1ea3y ra tr\u01b0\u1edbc nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n).<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">N\u00f3i c\u00e1ch kh\u00e1c, c l\u00e0 gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac kh\u00f4ng\u2013th\u1eddi gian. Photon bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i \u201cs\u1ed1ng\u201d \u1edf t\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u00f3, kh\u00f4ng nhanh h\u01a1n, kh\u00f4ng ch\u1eadm h\u01a1n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>3. V\u1eady \u201cai \u0111\u00e3 t\u1ea1o ra c\u201d?<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u1ede \u0111\u00e2y, c\u1ea7n ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t hai t\u1ea7ng ngh\u0129a:<\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Trong v\u1eadt l\u00fd:<br>c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 c\u00e1i g\u00ec do ai \u0111\u00f3 \u201ct\u1ea1o ra\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean. N\u00f3 ph\u1ea3n \u00e1nh c\u00e1ch m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng gian v\u00e0 th\u1eddi gian li\u00ean k\u1ebft v\u1edbi nhau. N\u1ebfu \u0111\u1ed5i \u0111\u01a1n v\u1ecb \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng, ta v\u1eabn t\u00ecm th\u1ea5y r\u1eb1ng c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i c\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ecbnh, \u0111\u00f3 ch\u00ednh l\u00e0 c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 h\u1ecdc:<br>C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi: \u201cV\u00ec sao t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean l\u1ea1i c\u00f3 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 n\u00e0y m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i m\u1ed9t gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb kh\u00e1c?\u201d \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng b\u00ed \u1ea9n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 nh\u00e0 v\u1eadt l\u00fd cho r\u1eb1ng gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb c\u1ee7a c, c\u00f9ng v\u1edbi c\u00e1c h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 v\u1eadt l\u00fd kh\u00e1c (nh\u01b0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 Planck, h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 h\u1ea5p d\u1eabn), l\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n n\u1ec1n t\u1ea3ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u0169 tr\u1ee5 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i nh\u01b0 ch\u00fang ta bi\u1ebft.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>Trong g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc s\u00e2u h\u01a1n:<br>N\u1ebfu h\u1ecfi \u201cai t\u1ea1o ra c\u201d th\u00ec \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 c\u00e2u h\u1ecfi v\u01b0\u1ee3t ra ngo\u00e0i v\u1eadt l\u00fd, thu\u1ed9c v\u1ec1 si\u00eau h\u00ecnh h\u1ecdc. C\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u201ct\u1ea1o h\u00f3a\u201d hay \u201cthi\u00ean nhi\u00ean\u201d, c\u00f3 ng\u01b0\u1eddi tin l\u00e0 \u201cng\u1eabu nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a v\u0169 tr\u1ee5\u201d, c\u00f2n khoa h\u1ecdc th\u00ec ch\u1ec9 d\u1eebng l\u1ea1i \u1edf vi\u1ec7c m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 v\u00e0 \u0111o l\u01b0\u1eddng.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>4. K\u1ebft lu\u1eadn<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Photon c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng 0, n\u00ean n\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ee9ng y\u00ean v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c v\u00f4 h\u1ea1n, m\u00e0 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1edbi v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c duy nh\u1ea5t: c.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>V\u1eadn t\u1ed1c \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng c kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i do con ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay ai \u201c\u0111\u1eb7t ra\u201d, m\u00e0 l\u00e0 h\u1eb1ng s\u1ed1 t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi c\u1ea5u tr\u00fac c\u1ee7a kh\u00f4ng\u2013th\u1eddi gian.<\/li>\n\n\n\n<li>C\u00e2u h\u1ecfi \u201cai t\u1ea1o ra c\u201d m\u1edf ra m\u1ed9t h\u01b0\u1edbng suy t\u01b0 tri\u1ebft h\u1ecdc v\u1ec1 b\u1ea3n ch\u1ea5t v\u0169 tr\u1ee5: li\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 \u0111\u1ecbnh lu\u1eadt kh\u00e1ch quan t\u1ef1 t\u1ed3n t\u1ea1i, hay l\u00e0 k\u1ebft qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 \u201cs\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t\u201d n\u00e0o \u0111\u00f3 v\u01b0\u1ee3t ngo\u00e0i t\u1ea7m hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Photon l\u00e0 h\u1ea1t \u00e1nh s\u00e1ng, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ed9c nh\u1ea5t: kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 m_0 = 0, nh\u01b0ng n\u00f3 v\u1eabn mang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng. C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Einstein cho m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1t l\u00e0:<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[41],"tags":[44,42,43],"class_list":["post-542","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-khoa-hoc","tag-hang-so-c","tag-photon","tag-van-toc-photon"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v28.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>H\u1ea1t photon c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0 0 th\u00ec v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9 sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c? 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C\u00f4ng th\u1ee9c n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a Einstein cho m\u1ecdi h\u1ea1t l\u00e0:\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/solio.online\/blog\/hat-photon-co-khoi-luong-nghi-la-0-thi-van-toc-phai-la-vo-cung-chu-sao-lai-la-c-ai-da-tao-ra-c\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"Solio.online Blog\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-08-23T07:44:11+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-08-23T07:44:13+00:00\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"Trung Vu\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" content=\"\u0110\u01b0\u1ee3c vi\u1ebft b\u1edfi\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data1\" content=\"Trung Vu\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:label2\" content=\"\u01af\u1edbc t\u00ednh th\u1eddi gian \u0111\u1ecdc\" \/>\n\t<meta name=\"twitter:data2\" content=\"5 ph\u00fat\" \/>\n<script type=\"application\/ld+json\" class=\"yoast-schema-graph\">{\"@context\":\"https:\\\/\\\/schema.org\",\"@graph\":[{\"@type\":\"Article\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/solio.online\\\/blog\\\/hat-photon-co-khoi-luong-nghi-la-0-thi-van-toc-phai-la-vo-cung-chu-sao-lai-la-c-ai-da-tao-ra-c\\\/#article\",\"isPartOf\":{\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/solio.online\\\/blog\\\/hat-photon-co-khoi-luong-nghi-la-0-thi-van-toc-phai-la-vo-cung-chu-sao-lai-la-c-ai-da-tao-ra-c\\\/\"},\"author\":{\"name\":\"Trung Vu\",\"@id\":\"https:\\\/\\\/solio.online\\\/blog\\\/#\\\/schema\\\/person\\\/287c2155cd174f2a66574cea8e892d5b\"},\"headline\":\"H\u1ea1t photon c\u00f3 kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ngh\u1ec9 l\u00e0 0 th\u00ec v\u1eadn t\u1ed1c ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f4 c\u00f9ng, ch\u1ee9 sao l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 c? 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